汉书百官公卿表（汉书百官公卿表中的秦制是指）

《汉书百官公卿表》是一部记载汉朝各级官员及其职位信息的文献，是研究汉代政治制度与官员职责的重要资料之一。

一、公卿表简介

《汉书百官公卿表》是汉书的一部分，是由东汉时期的历史学家班固编纂而成。该表为《汉书》后集各表之讳，是对历代公卿、百官的列传的一种聚类式表格记录方法。《公卿表》共分为五级，包括公、侯、卿、大夫和小吏五个等级。它为后世研究汉代政治、社会制度及官僚制度提供了重要的参考。

二、公卿等级及职责

1. 公：指中央集权制度时期的首辅大臣，如丞相、太傅等。他们承担着制定重大政策、处理国家大事的重任。

2. 侯：指拥有封地及军权的王公贵族。他们代表皇权管理一定的领地，负责维护边疆安全，或者担任重要的军事职位。

3. 卿：官署固定、职权较大的官员，包括司空、司徒、司马等。他们分管国家行政、民政、军事等方面的事务。

4. 大夫：中央政府的高级官员，包括光禄勋、博士等。他们主要担任辅佐皇帝处理国家事务、文教事务及监察等职责。

5. 小吏：低级的官员，主要负责日常行政事务和协助上级官员工作。如郎官、掌故等。

三、文章内容详细说明

《汉书百官公卿表》详细记载了每个等级中的各个职位及其职责，以及官员的任命、升迁和辞职等情况。对于研究汉代官僚制度、政治制度以及社会结构等具有重要的学术价值。

在《汉书百官公卿表》中，每个职位都附有详细的介绍，包括官职的来历、职责和权限等。这些介绍还为我们提供了了解当时政治风貌、官僚体制和升官考核制度等方面的信息。

此外，该书还记录了官吏的任命、升迁和辞职情况，帮助我们了解汉代官员的选拔机制、考试制度和政治运作等方面的内容。

总之，通过《汉书百官公卿表》的研究，我们可以更全面地了解汉代官僚制度的运作和特点，对于了解古代政治制度、社会结构和历史发展具有重要的意义。

【参考译文】

《汉书百官公卿表》 is a document that records the information of officials at all levels and their positions in the Han Dynasty. It is one of the important materials for studying the political system and official responsibilities of the Han Dynasty.

I. Introduction to the Public and Officials Table

"The Public and Officials Table" is part of the "Han Book" and was compiled by the historian Ban Gu during the Eastern Han Dynasty. This table collects various tables after the "Han Book" and is a classified table recording method for the biographies of public officials and officials of the past dynasties. The "Public and Officials Table" is divided into five levels, including public, marquis, minister, grandee, and minor officials. It provides important references for later generations to study the political and social systems and bureaucratic systems of the Han Dynasty.

II. Public and Officials Levels and Responsibilities

1. Public: It refers to the prime ministers of the centralized system, such as the prime minister and grand tutor. They were responsible for formulating major policies and handling national affairs.

2. Marquis: It refers to the nobles who have fiefs and military power. They represent the imperial power to manage certain territories, are responsible for maintaining border security, or hold important military positions.

3. Minister: They are officials with fixed offices and considerable powers, including the Minister of Works, the Minister of Education, the Minister of War, and so on. They are responsible for national administration, civil affairs, military affairs, etc.

4. Grandee: They are high-ranking officials of the central government, including the Palace Attendants and the Imperial Professors. They mainly assist the emperor in handling state affairs, educational affairs, supervision, and other duties.

5. Minor officials: They are low-level officials who are mainly responsible for daily administrative affairs and assisting senior officials. They include attendants and historians.

III. Detailed Explanation of the Content

"The Public and Officials Table" in the "Han Book" provides detailed records of each position, their duties, as well as appointments, promotions, and resignations of officials. It has important academic value for studying the bureaucratic system, political system, and social structure of the Han Dynasty.

In "The Public and Officials Table of the Han Book", each position is accompanied by a detailed introduction, including the origin, responsibilities, and authorities of the position. These descriptions also provide information for us to understand the political landscape, bureaucratic system, and promotion and examination system of that time.

In addition, the book also records the appointments, promotions, and resignations of officials, helping us understand the selection mechanism, examination system, and political operation of officials in the Han Dynasty.

In conclusion, through the research of "The Public and Officials Table of the Han Book", we can have a more comprehensive understanding of the operation and characteristics of the bureaucratic system of the Han Dynasty. It is of great significance to understand ancient political systems, social structures, and historical development.